Explore one of the most influential works of Western philosophy in Ethics, Benedict de Spinoza's groundbreaking examination of God, nature, human existence, and free will.

Using a logical, mathematical approach inspired by Euclid, Spinoza challenges traditional religious and philosophical beliefs, arguing that God and Nature are one and the same. He explores the relationship between mind and body, the causes of human behaviour, and whether we truly have freedom of choice.

First published after his death, Ethics remains a fascinating and thought-provoking work whose ideas continue to influence modern philosophy.

Translated by W. H. White and A. K. Stirling, with an introduction by Don Garrett, this edition is ideal for philosophy students and readers interested in metaphysics, ethics, and the nature of human existence.